Anyone who studies electricity will always avoid mode.
The knowledge taught by the teacher at the time of school was returned to the teacher upon graduation. After graduating, he had to engage in product design. "Mould Electricity" was picked up and put down for n times, and could not be avoided. After graduating for many years, I look back and talk about the study of the model. I hope I can help my schoolmates.
It stands to reason that the field tube is not the focus of the textbook, but it is currently the most widely used, far exceeding the bipolar transistor (BJT). FETs, including the most common MOSFETs, are found everywhere in power, lighting, switching, charging, and more.
The applications that are placed in today's applications are also in full swing. Comparators, ADCs, DACs, power supplies, meters, and so on are inseparable from op amps.
1. A field effect transistor is a semiconductor device in which only one type of carrier participates in conduction, and is a semiconductor device that controls an output current with an input voltage. There are two devices, N-channel and P-channel. There are junction field tube and insulated gate field tube IGFET. IGFETs are also known as metal-oxide-semiconductor tube MOSFETs. MOS FETs are available in enhanced EMOS and depletion-mode DMOS, each with N-channel and P-channel conductivity types.
When learning, it is easy to grasp the MOSFET and BJT. The power MOSFET is a high input impedance, voltage controlled device, and the BJT is a low impedance, current controlled device. Comparing the driving circuits of the two, the driving circuit of the power MOSFET is relatively simple. BJT may require up to 20% of the rated collector current to ensure saturation, while MOSFETs require much less drive current and are typically driven directly by CMOS or open-collector TTL drive circuits. Second, the MOSFET's switching speed is relatively fast. The MOSFET is a majority carrier device that can operate at higher speeds because there is no charge storage effect. Third, the MOSFET has no secondary breakdown failure mechanism. It tends to have higher endurance at higher temperatures and the lower the probability of thermal breakdown. They also provide better performance over a wide temperature range. In addition, the MOSFETs have parallel operation capability and a positive temperature coefficient of resistance. Higher temperature devices tend to direct current to other MOSFETs, allowing parallel circuit configurations. Moreover, the parasitic diode formed between the drain and source of the MOSFET can act as a clamping diode, which is especially useful in inductive load switches.
The field tube has two modes of operation, switch mode or linear mode. The so-called switch mode means that the device acts as a simple switch that switches between on and off states. The linear mode of operation refers to the linear portion of the device operating in a characteristic curve, but this is not necessarily the case. "Linearity" here refers to the operating state in which the MOSFET remains continuous, where the leakage current is a function of the voltage applied between the gate and the source. The difference between its linear mode of operation and the mode of operation of the switch is that in a switching circuit, the leakage current of the MOSFET is determined by external components, but not in linear circuit designs.
2. The signals transmitted and processed by the op amp, including DC signals, AC signals, and composite signals with AC and DC superimposed. Moreover, the signal is performed in "proportional (signed + or -, such as: the same ratio or inverse ratio)". Not necessarily all "amplification", in some cases it may be attenuation (eg proportional coefficient or transfer function K = Vo / Vi = -1/10).
The op amp DC indicator has input offset voltage, input offset voltage temperature drift (referred to as input offset voltage temperature drift), input bias current, input offset current, input offset current temperature drift, differential mode open-loop DC voltage gain, common mode rejection Ratio, supply voltage rejection ratio, output peak-to-peak voltage, maximum common mode input voltage, maximum differential mode input voltage.
The AC indicators include open loop bandwidth, unity gain bandwidth, slew rate SR, full power bandwidth, settling time, equivalent input noise voltage, differential mode input impedance, common mode input impedance, and output impedance.
Personally, choosing an op amp can focus on three parameters: input bias current, power supply, and unity gain bandwidth.
Power Meter is a monitoring and testing instrument which determines the power consumption of a connected appliance and the cost of the electricity consumed.
Installing the batteries
Install 3.6V rechargeable Battcrics(NI-MH) . The purpose of the batteries is to store the total electricity and mcinory setting.
Resetting
If an abnormal display appears or the buttons produce no response, the instrument must be reset. To do this,press the RESET button.
Display Mode
Entire LCD can be displayed for about 1 minute and then it automatically gets into Model. To transfer from one mode to the other, press the FUNCTION button.
Mode 1: Time/Watt/Cost Display Display duration(how long) this device connect to power source.LCD on first line shows 0:00 with first two figures mean minutcs (2 figures will occur while occur at 10 min) and the rest shows seconds. After 60mins, it displays 0:00 again with first two numbers meas hour(2 figures will occur at 10hours) and the rest shows minutes. The rest can be done in the same manner which means after 24 hours, it will rc-caculatc. LCD on second line displays current power which ranges in 0.0W~9999W. LCD on third line displays the current electricity costs which ranges in 0.0cost~9999cost. It will keep on O.OOcost before setting rate without other figures.
Mode 2: l ime/Cumulative electrical quantity Display Display duration(how long) this device connect to power source.
LCD on first line shows 0:00 with first two figures mean minutes(2 figures will occur while occur at 10 min) and the rest shows seconds. After 60mins, it displays 0:0() again with first two numbers meas hour(2 figures will occur at 10hours)and the rest shows minutes. The rest can be done in the same manner which means after 24 hours, it will re-caculate. LCD on second line displays current cumulative electrical quantity which ranges in 0.000K WH 〜 9999KWII without other figures. LCD on third line displays''DAY''- "1 "will be showed on numerical part(thc other three figures will be showed at carry) which means it has cumulated electrical quantity for 24hours(one day). The rest can be done in the same manner untial the maximal cumulative time of 9999 days.
Mode 3: Time/Voltage/Frequency Display LCD on first line displays the same as Mode 1 dones. LCD on second line displays current voltage supply (v) which ranges in 0.0V~9999V .LCD on third line displays current frequency (HZ) which ranges in 0.0HZ~9999HZ without other figures.
Mode 4: Time/Current/Power Factor Display LCD on first line displays the same as Mode 1 dones.
LCD on second line displays load current which ranges in 0.0000A~9999A. LCD on third line displays current power factor which ranges in 0.00PF 〜 1 .OOPF without other figures.
Mode 5:Time/Minimum Power Display LCD on first line displays the same as Mode 1 clones. LCD on second line displays the miniinum power which ranges in 0.0W~9999W. LCD on third line displays character of "Lo" without other figures.
Mode 6: I,ime/Maximal Power Display LCD on first line displays the same as Mode 1 dones. LCD on second line displays the maximal power which ranges in 0.0W~9999W. LCD on third line displays character of "Hi" without other figures.
Mode 7: Time/Price Display LCD on first line displays the same as Mode 1 dones. LCD on third line
displays the cost which ranges in O.OOCOST/KWH 〜 99.99COST/KWH without
other figures.
Overload Display: When the power socket connects the load over 3680W, LCD on second line
displays the"O VER LOAD" with booming noise to warn the users,( 60470643,
60469303,selectable choice)
Supplemental informations:
1: Except tt OVERLOAD , ' interface, LCD on first line display time in repitition within 24hours.
2: LCD on first line, second line or third
line described in this intruction take section according to two black
lines on LCD screen. Here it added fbr clarified purpose.
3. Mode 7 will directly occur while press down button "cost".
4. [UP"&''Down" are in no function under un-setting mode.
Backlight Mode:
Connect to AC power,backlight im mediately light,if not press any button,backlight will went off in 15 seconds.
When press any of the buttonsbacklight
start light again. (Backlight only light when it connect to AC
power,backlight cannot light if use battery)
Setting Mode
1. Electricity price setting
After keeping COST button pressed lasting
more than 3 seconds(LCD on third line display system defaults price, eg
O.OOCOST/KWH ),the rendered content begins moving up and down which
means that the device has entered the setting mode. Then press FUNCTION
button to change selection and press UP/DOWN to set what you want. (On
pressing once, the figure after domical point will increase or decrease
accordingly. On pressing and hold-on, figures after demical point will
increase or decrease slowly in 2 seconds while figures change quickly
when hold-on time exceeds 2 seconds. When hold-on time reaches 10
seconds or more, the figures after demical point will stop while the
figures before demical point begin to increasing or decreasing.) After
that, press FUNCTION fbr swithing, then press [UP'nd "DOWN" button again
to set value which ranges in OO.OOCOST/KWH 〜 99.99COST/KWH. After
setting all above, press COST to return to Mode7 or it will
automatically return to Mode7 without any pressing after setting with data storage.
Power meter double rates, power meter two rates, cost rate socket, power meter cost rate, energy meter cost rate, cost socket, cost plug
NINGBO COWELL ELECTRONICS & TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD , https://www.cowellsocket.com