Part III: Drone Research Report
(three)
Development of drones in countries around the world
United States : Scanning Eagle drones,
RQ-1A/B Predator UAV, MQ-1B/C Grey Eagle UAV,
A160T Hummingbird, MQ-9 Reaper drone,
MQ-8B Fire Scout carrier-borne drone,
RQ-4A/B Global Hawk/MQ-4C Poseidon UAV
Scanning Eagle Drone
The scanning eagle drone system was jointly developed by Boeing and the British company Inster. The whole system consists of two drones , a ground or shipboard control station, a communication system, a catapult take-off device, an air blocking hook recovery device and transport storage. box. The aircraft is currently used for maritime surveillance and observation, intelligence gathering, target hunting, communication relay and other tactical support. It carries inertially stable optoelectronic and infrared cameras, and the camera mounted on the gimbal allows the operator to easily track and locate stationary and moving targets and return high quality images in real time. The ability to fly above 4,800 meters and more than 20 hours of airtime over the battlefield allow the platform to perform continuous low-level reconnaissance.
The drone is autonomously lifted through a set of pneumatic SuperWedge ejection launchers for pre-programmed flight, or the operator issues a mission command. Recycling relies on the Skyhook system, which hooks a rope that hangs from a 15-meter tower. This type of recycling allows the Scan Eagle system to be independent of the runway and requires only one site similar to that used for vertical takeoff and landing aircraft. The scanning eagle drone began its service in 2003 and has made outstanding contributions to the Iraq war and the global war on terror with the US Marine Corps. It has carried out a number of maritime and land missions.
Scanning Eagle Drone
Length: 1.2 m; width: 3.05 m; empty weight: 12 kg; mission load: 3.2 kg; maximum takeoff weight: 18 kg; power unit: 1 built-in engine; driven double-bladed propeller, power 2.5 hp; maximum speed: 207 Km/h; maximum range: 78 km; practical ceiling: 4877 m.
The RQ-7A/B Shadow 200 is a UAV selected by the US Army in December 1999 (formerly known as a tactical drone) to meet the needs of brigade-level units for drones and to support ground maneuver commanders. The machine uses a slide rail to take off and recover by means of a blocking device. The machine is equipped with a photoelectric/infrared sensor mounted on the gimbal, and its image can be forwarded in real time through the C-band line of sight data link.
The RQ-7B is a modified version of the RQ-7A with a high-bandwidth tactical universal data link that increases the wingspan by 16 inches, increases fuel capacity and extends the flight time to seven hours, with an improved flight control computer. In September 2002, the aircraft was approved for mass production and formed initial operational capabilities. The first was delivered in August 2004. The specific parameters are shown in the figure below.
RQ-7A Shadow 200 Tactical UAV
Length: 3.4 m; width: 3.9 m; height: 1.00 m; empty weight: 75 kg; maximum take-off weight: 149 kg; power unit: one 38-horsepower rotary piston engine; maximum speed: 207 km/h; Voyage: 78 km; practical ceiling: 4,570 m; sensor: Tamam POP 200/300.
The RQ-7 can detect targets that are 125 kilometers away from the Army Brigade Tactical Operations Center. Since 2003, the Shadow UAV has provided assistance to US and allied forces in the Iraqi Freedom War. In 2011, in order to meet the needs of the Afghan battlefield, the US Navy installed a pair of pods that can be used for communication relay, signal intelligence and electronic attacks under the wing of the RQ-7B shadow drone, improving its reconnaissance and attack. ability. In Iraq and Afghanistan, the US Army and Marine Corps equipped with shadow drones deployed a total of 37,000 flights, for a total of more than 180,000 hours.
RQ-1A/B Predator UAV, MQ-1B/C Grey Eagle UAV
The US Air Force's RQ-1 Predator UAV is currently an important remote mid-height surveillance surveillance system for the US military. It was derived from the 1994 Advanced Conceptual Technology Demonstration (ACTD) project, which was converted to an Air Force project in 1997. In 2001, the Air Force successfully demonstrated the aircraft's ability to use the Hellfire anti-tank missile, and therefore changed its number from RQ-1 to MQ-1, such as MQ-1B and MQ-1C.
A typical predator drone system consists of four drones, a ground control system and a "Troy Spirit II" data distribution system. The drone itself has a cruising time of up to 40 hours and a cruising speed of 126 km/h. The aircraft itself is equipped with UHF and VHF radio stations, as well as a C-band line-of-sight data link with a distance of 270 km. The two-color DLTV optical camera on the aircraft features a 955 mm zoom lens. The high resolution forward looking infrared system has 6 adjustable focal lengths. Northrop Grumman's Synthetic Aperture Radar provides all-weather surveillance for Predators with a resolution of 0.3 meters. In the Iraq war, the predator had fought with the MiG-25, making the aircraft the first drone to directly fight in the air.
The MQ-1B drone is a reconnaissance and combat integrated drone modified by a predator drone. It can mount two "Halfa" missiles and destroy a Taliban tank in the 2007 Afghanistan War. . In addition to the ability to use precision guided weapons to attack ground or air targets, the new MQ-1C Greyhawk UAV also has certain electronic warfare capabilities and stealth capabilities.
Raytheon has provided two network electronic warfare remote control systems for the US Army's MQ-1C Greyhawk drone to support its electronic warfare capabilities. These electronic warfare loads will act as airborne electronic warfare systems, interfering with enemy communications systems and providing critical interference capabilities to warfighters in an anti-intervention environment. Northrop Grumman provided 44 Starlight Wide Area Surveillance Radars for the MQ-1C Greyhawk UAV. AN/ZPY-1 Starlight (Small and Lightweight Tactical Radar) is a synthetic aperture radar weighing 29.5 kilograms. It is an ideal equipment for various manned and drones to perform critical tactical reconnaissance missions. The system is capable of large-scale surveillance, detection of fixed and moving targets around the clock.
RQ-1 Predator drone
Length: 8.22 m; width: 14.8 m; height: 2.1 m; empty weight: 512 kg; maximum takeoff weight: 1020 kg; power unit: 1 × 115 hp Rotax 914F; turbocharged four-cylinder engine; maximum speed: 217 thousand M / H; maximum range: 3704 km; practical ceiling: 7620 m; weapons: 2 × AGM-114 Hellfire missile; 2 × AIM-92 sting.
A160T Hummingbird
The A160T Hummingbird is the next generation of vertical takeoff and landing drones. Based on a surface platform, it can perform a variety of tasks, with higher lift and load capacity, and can provide close air support for special operations and ground operations of the Marine Corps. It has a hovering ceiling of 15,000 feet, a cruise ceiling of 30,000 feet, a payload of 300-1000 pounds, a cruising capacity of 300 hours at 300 pounds and a cruising speed of 60 knots. In late November 2008, the A160T UAV developed by Boeing Company achieved gear shifting for the first time in the test flight, marking the key technology to achieve the design goal. At the same time, Boeing began to deliver 10 A160Ts to the US Special Operations Command (SOCOM) for operational testing and evaluation. After 10 years of research and development, the A160T has matured and is in full swing to verify various mission loads, trying to gradually expand its operational use and develop into a new weapon for US military operations.
MQ-9 Reaper Drone
The MQ-9 Reaper UAV was developed by General Aviation Systems of the United States and is a modified version of the Predator. It is mainly used to discover and combat key sensitive targets, and can also be used as an intelligence gathering platform. First flight in 2001, began to equip troops in 2004, the price of each aircraft is about 69.1 million US dollars. At present, the US military has a large number of equipment, the number of 112.
The unit's power unit is a 900-horsepower TPE331-10GD turbo engine that can fly for more than 24 hours at 50,000 feet (15,240 meters). The captain is 36 feet (11 meters) with a wingspan of 66 feet (20.1 meters) and a payload (oil, bomb) of 3,750 pounds (1701 kilograms). The relevant parameters are shown in the figure below.
UAVs in the MQ-9 Reaper UAV system can use their own sensors to track targets, attack with light air-to-ground missiles and guided bombs, or transmit targeting information to other attack platforms.
The sensor currently used by the aircraft is Raytheon's "B-type multi-spectral aiming system" (MTS-B), as well as a synthetic aperture radar and a laser rangefinder / target indicator. The weapons that can be used include the AGM-114 air-to-ground missile and the 227 kg class GBU-12 guided bomb. The US Air Force also hopes to integrate the 227 kg JDAM GBU-38 and the 113 kg SDB GBU-39. Guided bombs. The machine can carry up to 8 GBU-39 at the same time.
A set of MQ-9 systems consists of four drones, a ground control station and a predator main satellite link. The integrated sensor assembly includes a synthetic aperture radar with moving target indication capability, an opto-/medium-wave infrared sensor mounted in a turret, a laser range finder and a laser target illuminator. The crew of the aircraft includes a pilot and a sensor operator.
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