The installed capacity of photovoltaic power generation exceeded 100 million kilowatts; the first sea area was successfully tested for combustible ice, and the minerals added “new membersâ€; Qinghai Gonghe Basin drilled a high-temperature dry rock mass of 236 degrees Celsius at a depth of 3,705 meters... This year, China’s new energy sources Many highlights in the field. But what are the opportunities and challenges faced by new energy sources behind the results? The reporter conducted an interview.
The energy structure is changing from coal to diversification
New energy "lights up" new hope. At present, China's energy structure is shifting from being a coal-based one to diversification. The driving force for energy development is shifting from traditional energy sources to new energy sources. The process of clean and low-carbonization is accelerating, and the beautiful Chinese picture scroll is constantly being stretched.
The scale continues to expand. As of the end of November, China's wind power installed capacity was 160 million kilowatts, photovoltaic power generation capacity was 126 million kilowatts, and biomass power generation capacity was 15 billion kilowatts, which was an increase of 11.8%, 67.1%, and 23.6% year-on-year respectively. According to the report released by the International Energy Agency, global solar PV production capacity increased by 50% in 2016, of which China contributed more than half. From the viewpoint of renewable energy, it is estimated that by the end of 2017, China's renewable energy grid-connected power generation capacity will reach 656 million kilowatts, an increase of approximately 110% compared with 2012, and an average annual growth rate of approximately 16% in the past five years.
The structure continues to be optimized. On the one hand, new energy development is progressing from a resource-intensive area to a load-intensive area. “At present, we are optimizing the layout according to the principles of centralized development and decentralized development, long-distance delivery, and near-consistency. Taking photovoltaics as an example, this year's newly installed capacity in the northwest region has dropped by 17 percentage points, accounting for the proportion in East China and Central China. It increased by 9 percentage points and 6 percentage points respectively, said Li Chuangjun, deputy director of the New Energy and Renewable Energy Division of the National Energy Administration. On the other hand, the pattern of concentrated and scattered development of new energy is gradually taking shape. "Distributed power generation has the advantages of low power consumption, low transmission costs, and less land and space resources. In the first 11 months of this year, distributed photovoltaic installed capacity was 17.23 million kilowatts, an increase of 3.7 times year-on-year."
Use level increase. Abandoning the wind and disposing of light has always been the "oldest problem" in the development of new energy. In the first three quarters of this year, the rates of abandoned wind and abandoned light were 12% and 5.6%, respectively, down 6.7 percentage points and 3.8 percentage points year-on-year respectively, and the rate of wind abandonment in key regions such as Xinjiang and Gansu dropped by 12.1 percentage points and 10.5 percentage points respectively. . Guo Jiaofeng, a researcher at the Research Institute of Resources and Environmental Policy of the State Council Development Research Center, believes that new energy technologies are also constantly improving. “The efficiency of photovoltaic power generation in China was originally around 14%-16%, and now it can reach 16%-18%, which is better. It can even reach about 20%."
Clean and efficient, but also face growing trouble
The Nineteenth Congress proposed to promote the revolution in energy production and consumption and build a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system. Promoting clean, low-carbon development, the new energy is no small contribution.
“Wind power, solar power generation, and solar thermal utilization do not emit pollutants and greenhouse gases during the energy production process, and they can significantly reduce various types of fossil energy consumption while reducing the ecological destruction of coal mining and the consumption of water resources from coal-fired power generation. There is no increase in CO2 emission during the entire life cycle of the material from its growth to its final use, and the pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and soot emitted by biomass power generation are also far less than coal-fired power generation.†Li Chuangjun introduced that as of November, 271.8 billion kilowatts. When wind power generation has replaced about 80 million tons of standard coal, the reduction in carbon dioxide emissions has reached 150 million tons.
At the same time as rapid development, new energy also faces a lot of growing troubles -
The cost issue remains one of the major bottlenecks. “We have made a simple estimation that when the proportion of new energy power generation reaches 10%, the total system's cost of energy consumption needs to increase by about 20%. New energy is not connected to the Internet, and the opportunity cost is lost; the Internet requires consumption costs. If the cost is unbearable, It is likely that abandoning the wind will be abandoned," said Lin Boqiang, dean of the China Energy Policy Institute of Xiamen University. In addition, cross-provincial trans-regional transmission over-grid fees also have excessive problems. “Yunnan hydropower sends Guangdong electricity prices at an average of 0.2375 yuan per kilowatt-hour, but Yundian sends transmission costs of 0.1995 yuan per kilowatt-hour for transmission from outside Guangdong, and the transmission costs in the framework agreement account for 45%, and the transmission costs outside the framework agreement account for 57%. "Li Chuangjun said.
The institutional mechanisms for prioritizing development are still not perfect. Li Chuangjun introduced that, at present, the barriers between provinces still exist, in the case of the overall power of the rich, some local governments through the administrative means to give priority to protect the province's coal-fired power generation unit, the enthusiasm for the consumption of foreign new energy power is not high, in To a certain extent, it hindered the transition of new energy across provinces. In addition, the current price of traditional fossil fuels is still hard to reflect the degree of resource scarcity, and environmental protection expenditures have not been considered, which has reduced the competitiveness of the new energy industry.
Subsidy funds have a long settlement period. “In recent years, there has been a large gap in subsidies for new energy subsidies. Some subsidies have been available for almost two years, which has increased the financial burden on power generation companies and has affected the enthusiasm of enterprises in developing new energy sources. This has created a 'triangular debt' in the industry, even There has been a phenomenon that some enterprises have not settled their tariff bills to pay interest. The company's production and operation risks have increased, and the subsidy default has also delayed the further adjustment of photovoltaic and wind power prices, Li said.
From focusing on installed capacity to focusing on actual power generation
In the past, the development of new energy, we are more pursuing from scratch, from small to large. Into the new era, the focus is on improving the quality of development. How to continuously optimize the energy structure and realize clean and low-carbon development?
On the one hand, we must speed up technological progress. “A few years ago, a photovoltaic project in Saudi Arabia was bid. The lowest levelization cost was 1.786 cents/kWh, which was equivalent to about RMB 0.12. At present, the domestic photovoltaic power generation cost is about 0.5-0.7 yuan/kWh. The cost reduction potential is still quite large." Li Chuangjun told reporters.
According to the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" for the development and utilization of geothermal energy, the total area of ​​geothermal heating (cooling) will reach 1.6 billion square meters by 2020. According to Guo Jiaofeng, the geothermal market in China has great potential, but there is still a certain gap between the current geothermal power generation technology and the international advanced level, and the country can concentrate its efforts on key technologies.
On the other hand, we must speed up the improvement of relevant mechanisms. According to the briefing, in light of the current prominent difficulties in abandoning wind and disperse light, the National Energy Administration will next improve the preferential power generation system for renewable energy, use cross-regional transmission channels to expand the scope of renewable energy allocation, and adopt self-provided power plants to participate in the peak operation of the power system. To develop alternative energy measures such as renewable energy power special trading and clean heating to expand the local consumption of renewable energy.
"Next year's pilot areas will also have to carry out distributed power generation marketization, which is equivalent to 'sales of electricity at the partition wall' and the pattern of unification of power grids has opened up a gap." Li Chuangjun said, "Green development and energy transformation are inevitable trends. Consensus: Our concept must shift from focusing on kilowatts to paying attention to kilowatt-hours, that is, shifting the focus from installed capacity to actual power generation, and pay more attention to the development quality of new energy."
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