Electronic enthusiasts eight o'clock: Although Steve Hawking opened Weibo, for most Chinese, the opportunity to communicate directly with him is very rare. After all, most of us are glimpsed from the compilation of foreign media reports, and the Chinese media's interviews are few.
Sina Technology and the Great Wall Association launched the "Scientific Renaissance Dialogue with Hawking" activities, and won the opportunity to meet with Hawking. In just one week, more than 7 million netizens browsed and discussed the event. We also collected tens of thousands of questions about Hawking, and went to Cambridge with the founder of the Great Wall Society to meet with the greatest physicist and cosmologist in the world. Hawking talked about artificial intelligence that may bring to humans. Changes and their attitudes towards life.
In recent years, Hawking has paid close attention to artificial intelligence and has repeatedly expressed his views on the development of artificial intelligence. At the GMIC 2017 Beijing Conference that opened today, Huo Jinbiao said: "The rise of powerful artificial intelligence is either the best in human history or the worst. We are still uncertain about the good and the bad. Now humans only We can do our utmost to ensure that its future development is beneficial to humans and the environment, and there is no choice in the human category."
The research and development of artificial intelligence is now rapidly advancing at an extremely fast pace. Hawking said: "Maybe all of us should pause for a while and shift our research from the promotion of artificial intelligence to the maximization of the social benefits of artificial intelligence." Based on this consideration, the American Artificial Intelligence Association (AAAI) established the PresidenTIal Panel on Long-Term AI Futures from 2008 to 2009, and they recently invested in purpose-oriented neutral technology. A lot of attention has been paid to ensure that artificial intelligence systems need to work according to human will.
Hawking mentioned that smart machines will be able to replace the work that humans are doing and quickly eliminate millions of jobs. He said: "Everything that civilization produces is a product of human intelligence. I believe that there is no essential difference between what a biological brain can achieve and what a computer can achieve. Therefore, it follows that 'computers can theoretically imitate human intelligence and then transcend 'This principle. But we are not sure, so we can't know if we will get the help of artificial intelligence infinitely, or be despised and marginalized, or it may be destroyed by it."
In his speech, Hawking specifically mentioned that in January 2015, Hawking signed an open letter on artificial intelligence with other artificial intelligence experts such as SpaceX Space Exploration Technology and Tesla CEO Elon Musk. Serious research on the impact of intelligence on society. Prior to this, Elon Musk warned people that superhuman artificial intelligence may bring immeasurable benefits, but if not properly deployed, it may have the opposite effect on humans. Hawking said that this public signal call for direct research to prevent potential problems, but also to harvest the potential benefits of artificial intelligence to humans, and to make artificial intelligence developers pay more attention to artificial intelligence security.
The corner of Hawking’s office at the corner of Hawking’s office
Over the past 20 years, artificial intelligence has focused on the problems that arise around building intelligent agents, that is, systems that can be perceived and acted upon in a particular environment. In this case, intelligence is a rational concept related to statistics and economics. In a nutshell, this is an ability to make good decisions, plans, and inferences. Based on these efforts, a large amount of integration and cross-prediction is applied in artificial intelligence, machine learning, statistics, cybernetics, neuroscience, and other fields. The establishment of a shared theoretical framework, combined with data supply and processing capabilities, has achieved significant success in various subdivisions. Examples include speech recognition, image classification, autopilot, machine translation, gait movement, and question and answer systems.
Hawking explained: "With the development of these fields, from the laboratory research to the economic value of the technology to form a virtuous circle. Even a small performance improvement will bring huge economic benefits, thereby encouraging longer-term, greater investment and Research. It is widely recognized that the research on artificial intelligence is developing steadily, and its impact on society is likely to expand. The potential benefits are enormous. Since everything produced by civilization is a product of human intelligence; we cannot predict us. What can be achieved, when this intelligence is magnified by artificial intelligence tools. But, as I said, eradicating disease and poverty is not entirely impossible, due to the enormous potential of artificial intelligence, how to study (from artificial intelligence) It is very important to benefit and avoid risks."
The rapid development of artificial intelligence, Hawking said that short-term concerns in the driverless, intelligent deadly autonomous weapons, the artificial intelligence can gradually interpret a large amount of monitoring data caused by privacy concerns and how to manage the replacement of jobs due to artificial intelligence The economic impact, and long-term concern is the potential risk of out of control of the artificial intelligence system. With the rise of super-intelligence that does not follow human will, whether a powerful system threatens humanity. Hawking is concerned that current tools for controlling artificial intelligence technologies, such as reinforcement learning, are not enough to solve the above problems. Therefore, humans need further research to find and confirm a reliable solution to control these problems.
Hawking once said that the all-round development of artificial intelligence may lead to the demise of mankind. Earlier this year, he also joined forces with scientists from all over the world to support his ban on nuclear weapons at the UN conference because he felt that as a scientist, he was responsible for nuclear weapons. Special responsibilities, because it was the scientists who invented them and found that their effects were more terrible than originally thought. For artificial intelligence, Hawking also feels that it may be the end of the history of human civilization, unless humans learn how to avoid danger.
The discussion of disasters is not alarmist. Hawking hopes that human beings will recognize their position in the future research and development of current technology, call for the support of international treaties or sign an open letter submitted to governments, hoping that technology leaders and scientists will do everything they can to avoid The rise of uncontrollable artificial intelligence.
The quality of a thing has two sides. After Hawking expressed his concern about artificial intelligence, he also said that the success of artificial intelligence may also be the biggest event in the history of human civilization. He said: "When the human mind is amplified by artificial intelligence, maybe With the help of this new technological revolution, some of the damage caused by industrialization to the natural world can be solved. All aspects of our lives are about to be changed.†For this reason, Hawking established a new institution in last year, Cambridge, England. The Smart Future Center seeks to solve some of the inconclusive problems that have arisen in the rapid development of artificial intelligence research.
At the end of the speech, Hawking said that human beings should also play a role in ensuring that the next generation not only has the opportunity but also the determination to fully participate in scientific research at an early stage so that they can continue to realize their potential and help humanity create a better world. "We need to jump out." The theory of 'how things should be' explores and takes action to ensure that they have the opportunity to participate. We stand at the entrance of a beautiful new world. This is an exciting world full of uncertainty, and You are the first movers. I wish you all."
The following is a record of Hawking’s answer to questions from Chinese netizens and technology big coffee, scientists, and investors:
Li Kaifu, CEO of Innovation Workshop, asked: Internet giants have huge amounts of data, and these data will give them a variety of opportunities to exchange profits and interests for users. Under the temptation of huge interests, they cannot be self-disciplined. Moreover, this behavior can also make it harder for small companies and entrepreneurs to innovate. You often talk about how to constrain artificial intelligence, but what is more difficult is how to bind people themselves. How do you think we should constrain these giants?
Hawking: As far as I know, many companies only use this data for statistical analysis, but any use involving private information should be banned. What will help privacy protection is that if all the information on the Internet is encrypted by quantum technology, the Internet company can't crack it in a certain period of time. But security services will oppose this approach.
Cheetah Mobile CEO Fu Sheng asks: Will the soul be a form of existence of quantum? Or another performance in high-dimensional space?
Hawking: I think that the recent development of artificial intelligence, such as the computer's victory over the human brain in the game of chess and Go, shows that there is no essential difference between the human brain and the computer. At this point, my colleague Roger Penrose is the opposite. Does anyone think that computers have a soul? For me, the term soul is a Christian concept that is associated with the afterlife. I think this is a fairy tale.
Zhang Yaqin, president of Baidu, asked: The way human observation and the abstract world evolved, from early observation and estimation, to Newton's law and Einstein's equation, to today's data-driven computing and artificial intelligence, what is next?
Hawking: We need a new quantum theory that integrates gravity with other forces in nature. Many people claim that this is string theory, but I doubt it. The only speculation at the moment is that there are ten dimensions in time and space.
Zhang Shouqi, a professor of physics at Stanford University, asks: If you tell the aliens that our humanity has achieved the highest achievement, written on the back of a postcard, what would you write?
Hawking: It is unhelpful to tell aliens about beauty, or any art form that may represent the highest artistic achievement, because it is unique to humans. I will tell them the Gödel incomplete theorem and the Fermat's theorem. This is what aliens can understand.
The founder of the Great Wall Society Wencai asked: We hope to promote the spirit of science, running through the GMIC Global Nine Stations, please recommend three books, so that friends in the scientific community can better understand the future of science and science.
Hawking: They should write books instead of reading books. Only when a person can write a book about something can he fully understand the matter.
Chinese netizen asks: What do you think is the most important thing a person should do in his life and the last thing he should do?
Hawking: We should never give up, we should all understand the world as much as possible.
Chinese netizens ask: Human beings have repeated revolutions and movements in the long history. From stone tools, steam, electricity... What do you think will be driven by the next revolution?
Hawking: I think it is the development of computer science, including artificial intelligence and quantum computing. Technology has become an important part of our lives, but in the coming decades, it will gradually penetrate every aspect of society, providing us with intelligent support and advice in many fields such as medical care, work, education and technology. But we must make sure that we are in control of artificial intelligence, not it.
Musician and investor Hu Haiquan asks: If the maturity window of the interstellar immigration technology is late, can there be an internal disaster that can't be completely solved, leading to human extinction? Aside from the alien disaster such as the comet hitting the earth.
Hawking: Yes. Overpopulation, disease, war, famine, climate change and water scarcity, human beings have the ability to resolve these crises. But unfortunately, these crises are still a serious threat to our survival on the earth. These crises can be solved, but they are not yet.
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