With the implementation and implementation of strategies such as “Internetâ€, “smart city†and “broadband Chinaâ€, how the wireless communication infrastructure is combined with urban planning, the importance of rational allocation of resources is increasing.
In the development of modern cities, the shortcomings of traditional communication operators are constantly exposed, such as unreasonable construction of base stations, imperfect communication construction procedures, lack of connection between tower-shaped towers and urban environments, lack of forward-looking communication base stations, and the 5G communication era. The advent of these issues has made these issues more prominent, and the pressure on traditional communication operators is increasing. Therefore, how to combine 5G wireless network planning with urban planning, connect 5G network with urban and rural land planning, road planning and other planning, refine the resource construction requirements of each space, and enhance comprehensive benefits has become the focus of industry attention and exploration.
The new normal of urban planning
Faced with the advent of the 5G era, urban planning should mainly consider three aspects of land layout planning, land use density zoning and group regional density, so that wireless communication infrastructure and urban planning can be better combined.
Land layout planning
In the planning of urban land, the effective statistics of all the groups in the region should be firstly divided into two parts: the old city and the new city. At the same time, the functional positioning in the regional unit should be refined. Among them, the old city should focus on the functions of cultural protection and residents' residence, while the new city is mainly responsible for important functions such as residence and cultural and sports activities.
Land density partition
Divide the main urban area of ​​a city into different units according to different functions, and combine the overall planning of the city to divide the urban land density area, specifically for dense urban areas, ordinary urban areas, suburbs, townships, rural areas, and restricted construction areas. class.
Intensive urban areas: These areas are clusters of urban functional centers. With the deepening of the urbanization process, the infrastructure of these areas has been completed, functions are more prominent and concentrated, and it is the main gathering place of the city and has developed into The functional core area of ​​the city.
Ordinary urban areas: These areas mainly exist in the center of the city, and are closely connected with public service facilities and municipal facilities. They are mainly located in open areas of the region, and undertake urban centers and traditional functional centers. They are important production and development areas of the city.
Suburbs of the city: including protective green space, street green space, land for public facilities, storage land, freight transportation hub, urban industrial land, etc.
Township: This area is not connected to the functional area of ​​the city. Its function is only to provide services for the town, and it is located at the periphery of the planning area.
Rural areas: Rural areas still use agricultural production as their main function and do not participate in urban planning.
Group density
According to the economic situation of group density, the population, the development trend of communication users, the future economic development, and the prediction of population growth, the regional density of the group is divided, and the old city is divided into dense urban areas. In the ordinary urban area.
In view of the above urban division, planners should make accurate predictions for the communication needs of each region, determine the construction scale, specific location, and facility investment of the base station, quantitatively plan the basic facilities for communication, and provide reasonable guidance and planning for the construction of the facility. To ensure the sustainable development of the communications industry.
The new normal of urban planning
Urban planning is based on the objective conditions of the city's geographical environment, human conditions, economic development and other objective conditions to develop a plan for the overall development of the city, and comprehensive deployment and overall arrangement of urban spatial layout, land use, infrastructure construction, etc. jobs. In recent years, as the status of information and communication in economic activities has increased year by year, the planning and construction of information and communication infrastructure has gradually been incorporated into urban planning, and its importance in urban planning is self-evident. With the advent of the 5G era, the “Internet of Everything†will be truly realized, and unprecedented economic benefits will be created, which will become the main driving force for urban economic development. Therefore, the importance and forward-looking nature of information and communication infrastructure planning needs to be further improved in urban planning.
The focus of 5G wireless network planning
To meet the needs of modern urban development, 5G wireless network planning should focus on the three aspects of demand forecasting, link budget analysis results, social and economic benefits of mobile communications.
Demand forecast for mobile communications
The basis of communication prediction is the population. The size of users is inseparable from the population. Therefore, when planning for 5G networks, the population and growth of the region should be considered first. The penetration rate method is used to predict the specific population, and the user size is predicted based on the telephone penetration rate and the market size data of the mobile operator.
At the same time, based on the penetration rate of mobile phones, considering the development trend of communication in the region during the planning period, one person may have multiple mobile phones, and also needs to consider changes in user needs, mobile communication technologies, and users' choice. Specific forecasts are made by factors such as operators, adjustments in communication tariffs, and increases in data users.
It is worth noting that due to the user's mobile characteristics, the flow and roaming of the population between the regions, it is necessary to consider the redundancy caused by the user's mobile characteristics when predicting users.
Link budget analysis result
In the construction of base stations, the coverage coverage area needs to fully consider the loss, link coverage and balance factors of each path in the propagation, determine the maximum coverage of each base station, and estimate the area based on this. The minimum number of base stations covered. Accurate calculation of base station coverage requires the use of link calculation. The rapid development of the city makes the distribution of urban buildings and group users have certain changes. Therefore, it is necessary to flexibly set the network structure according to different planning periods. In addition to meeting the user's demand capacity, it is also necessary to implement the regional general coverage function. The planning goal of the 5G wireless network is based on the frequency band and format of different operators, combined with the calculated link budget, taking into account the depth and breadth of the area coverage, and reasonably determining the spacing between the base stations.
Social and economic benefits
Through reasonable planning, the city added multiple sites, which greatly saved the leased area and the actual land area. Since the 5G wireless network is carried out together with the urban planning, it also reduces the related construction of the infrastructure, reduces the construction land, and greatly saves the cost.
Unique network features
Since the introduction of the heterogeneous network concept in 4G network planning, the entire mobile communication network has shown a trend of multi-system convergence. The addition of 5G wireless network will make the mobile communication network become an ultra-intensive intensive heterogeneous network, and the site resources will be more tense. Network deployment will be more difficult. Therefore, in the various stages of 5G wireless network planning, the idea of ​​4G wireless network planning cannot be completely copied. The special characteristics of 5G wireless network planning should be explored in combination with the technical characteristics of 5G high frequency, high capacity and smaller coverage radius.
In the early stage of network planning, considering the high-capacity characteristics of 5G networks, capacity will no longer be the bottleneck of 5G planning, and the problem of solving the most connections with the least address will be the top priority of 5G planning, so the network needs to be sliced. The traditional coverage scene is subdivided into sub-scenarios, targeted network planning, and the key points of network planning and construction in the business office area, dense residential area, high-speed rail, subway and other large connection scenarios, to achieve a high degree of intensification, improve society And economic benefits.
At the same time, as the 5G network grows and the number of connections increases, the medium-term network planning direction will focus on the coverage of dense cities and the depth coverage of special sub-scenarios. When considering business forecasting and coverage planning, capacity planning should also be Put on the agenda. The network planning in the later stage should be combined with the development of the local 5G network. While continuing to optimize the network structure and complement the blindness, it should appropriately consider the geographical extension of network coverage from the aspects of technology and benefits. Deep matching of 5G network and urban planning
The working frequency band of the 5G system is higher, the coverage radius of the base station is smaller, and the number of base stations used for coverage will be more dense. In the network planning and construction, attention should be paid to the deep matching and combination with the scenes and functional areas of the urban planning.
Major urban infrastructure
The city's major infrastructure is the basic guarantee for urban socio-economic development, improvement of human settlements, improvement of public services and safe operation of cities, and mobile communication networks are an important driving force for the above development goals. 5G network planning should follow the pace of urban planning and major infrastructure construction. Network planning should consider long-term needs. 5G site and supporting facilities should be integrated into urban planning, combined with infrastructure scenarios and features, and other information and communication facilities. Sharing, making it functional and harmonious.
New residential quarters and commercial and residential buildings
The 5G base station has a high frequency and the coverage of the base station is small. It is difficult to ensure the quality of the network coverage in the residential towers and the surrounding towers of the commercial and residential buildings. The small base stations widely used in the construction of 4G networks will be widely used in 5G networks. The small base station is small in size and convenient to install, and can meet the requirements of dense networking and rapid construction.
The developer should consider the pipeline, power and equipment carrying facilities required for the deployment of 5G small base stations in the building design. The network operators share resources and build on demand, which not only damages the original features of the building, but also achieves 5G network quality. cover. At the same time, considering the 5G network as the main carrier of the mobile Internet and the Internet of Things, its development status has gradually improved, and it is recommended that relevant departments can provide legal protection.
City blocks, squares, etc.
Such scenarios should take into account the advantages of existing network sites, and consider new site planning. Site selection and coordination of new sites have always been the bottleneck of network planning and construction, and synchronized with urban planning coordination. Co-construction and sharing with social public resources will be the focus of 5G network planning.
5G network planning should focus on the full use of existing social public resources and social public resources that have been incorporated into urban planning. For existing social public resources, many cities have already encouraged the opening of social public resources from the policy. The network planning should be based on the principle of maximizing utilization, and the transformation and replacement should be the overall idea. For the social public resources that have been included in urban planning, the network Planning should fully consider its functions in urban planning, adopt multi-pole, co-construction and sharing planning ideas, integrate information facilities, reduce construction land, and enhance urban image and social and economic benefits.
Chief engineer review
In the process of actively carrying out urban planning and construction, we must fully consider the planning and construction of 5G wireless networks, strive to improve the level of informationization of cities, and take into account the current and future communication networks, combined with the overall urban planning and communication users. And the construction of urban information facilities, etc., to develop a transformation and upgrade program for mobile base stations.
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